Design of Sliding Mode PID Controller with Improved reaching laws for Nonlinear Systems

In this thesis, advanced design technique in sliding mode control (SMC) is presented with focus on PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) type Sliding surfaces based Sliding mode control with improved power rate exponential reaching law for Non-linear systems using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO). To handle large non-linearities directly, sliding mode controller based on PID-type sliding surface has been designed in this work, where Integral term ensures fast finite convergence time. The controller parameter for various modified structures can be estimated using Modified PSO, which is used as an offline optimization technique. Various reaching law were implemented leading to the proposed improved exponential power rate reaching law, which also improves the finite convergence time. To implement the proposed algorithm, nonlinear mathematical model has to be decrypted without linearizing, and used for the simulation purposes. Their performance is studied using simulations to prove the proposed behavior. The problem of chattering has been overcome by using boundary method and also second order sliding mode method. PI-type sliding surface based second order sliding mode controller with PD surface based SMC compensation is also proposed and implemented. The proposed algorithms have been analyzed using Lyapunov stability criteria. The robustness of the method is provided using simulation results including disturbance and 10% variation in system parameters. Finally process control based hardware is implemented (conical tank system)

Modified PSO based PID Sliding Mode Control using Improved Reaching Law for Nonlinear systems

In this paper, a new model based nonlinear control technique, called PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) type sliding surface based sliding mode control is designed using improved reaching law. To improve the performance of the second order nonlinear differential equations with unknown parameters modified particle swarm intelligent optimization (MPSO) is used for the optimized parameters. This paper throws light on the sliding surface design, on the proposed power rate exponential reaching law, parameters optimization using modified particle swarm optimization and highlights the important features of adding an integral term in the sliding mode such as robustness and higher convergence, through extensive mathematical modeling. Siding mode control law is derived using Lyapunov stability approach and its asymptotic stability is proved mathematically and simulations showing its validity. MPSO PID-type Sliding mode control will stabilize the highly nonlinear systems, will compensate disturbances and uncertainty and reduces tracking errors. Simulations and experimental application is done on the non-linear systems and are presented to make a quantitative comparison.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.1112

Integral surface based Second Order Sliding Mode Controller design for Inverted Pendulum with PD SMC Compensation

Stabilization of a nonlinear single stage inverted pendulum is a complicated control problem, as nonlinearity is present inherently and external factors affect the equilibrium position. In this paper, a PD sliding mode controller is connected with Second order PI (Proportional+Integral) sliding mode controller, which is designed to improve the performance for nonlinear state differential equations with unknown parameters. This paper throws light on the sliding surface design and highlights the important features of multiplexing sliding mode control inputs resulting in robustness and higher convergence of output, through extensive mathematical modeling. Simulations and experimental application is done on the system to evaluate the controller for performance, complexity of implementation and also on the impact of the nonlinear IP system on its stability

Instant and persistent hydrogen production using nano high entropy catalyst

Renewable harvesting clean and hydrogen energy using the benefits of novel multicatalytic materials of high entropy alloy (HEA equimolar Cu-Ag-Au-Pt-Pd) from formic acid with minimum energy input has been achieved in the present investigation. The synthesis effect of pristine elements in the HEA drives the electro-oxidation reaction towards non-carbonaceous pathway . The atomistic simulation based on DFT rationalize the distinct lowering of the d-band center for the individual atoms in the HEA as compared to the pristine counterparts. This catalytic activity of the HEA has also been extended to methanol electro-oxidation to show the unique capability of the novel catalyst. The nanostructured HEA, properties using a combination of casting and cry omilling techniques can further be utilized as fuel cell anode in direct formic acid/methanol fuel cells (DFFE).by Nirmal Kumar, Subramanian Nellaiappan, Ritesh Kumar, Kirtiman Deo Malviya, K. G. Pradeep, Abhishek K. Singh, Sudhanshu Sharma, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary and Krishanu Biswa

Instant and Persistent Hydrogen Production Using Nano High Entropy Catalyst

Renewable harvesting clean and hydrogen energy using the benefits of novel multicatalytic materials of high entropy alloy (HEA equimolar Cu-Ag-Au-Pt-Pd) from formic acid with minimum energy input has been achieved in the present investigation. The synthesis effect of pristine elements in the HEA drives the electro-oxidation reaction towards non-carbonaceous pathway . The atomistic simulation based on DFT rationalize the distinct lowering of the d-band center for the individual atoms in the HEA as compared to the pristine counterparts. This catalytic activity of the HEA has also been extended to methanol electro-oxidation to show the unique capability of the novel catalyst. The nanostructured HEA, properties using a combination of casting and cry omilling techniques can further be utilized as fuel cell anode in direct formic acid/methanol fuel cells (DFFE).</div

Nobel Metal Based High Entropy Alloy for Conversion of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) to Hydrocarbon

Conversion of carbon-di-oxide into selective hydrocarbon using stable catalyst remains a holy-grail in catalysis community. The high overpotential, stability, and selectivity in use of a single metal-based catalyst still remain a challenge. In current work, instead of using pure noble metals (Ag, Au, and Pt) as the catalyst, a novel nanocrystalline high entropy alloy (HEA: AuAgPtPdCu) has been used for conversion of CO2 into gaseous hydrocarbons. Utilizing an approach of multi-metallic HEA, a Faradaic efficiency of about 100% towards gaseous products is obtained. The reason behind the superior catalytic activity of high entropy alloy (HEA) was established through first-principles based density functional theory (DFT) by comparing it with pristine Cu (111) surface. This is attributed to the reversal in adsorption trends for two out of the total eight intermediates - *OCH3 and *O on Cu(111) and HEA surfaces.</p

Nobel metal based high entropy alloy for conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to hydrocarbon

Conversion of carbon-di-oxide into selective hydrocarbon using stable catalyst remains a holy-grail in catalysis community. The high overpotential, stability, and selectivity in use of a single metal-based catalyst still remain a challenge. In current work, instead of using pure noble metals (Ag, Au, and Pt) as the catalyst, a novel nanocrystalline high entropy alloy (HEA: AuAgPtPdCu) has been used for conversion of CO2 into gaseous hydrocarbons. Utilizing an approach of multi-metallic HEA, a Faradaic efficiency of about 100% towards gaseous products is obtained. The reason behind the superior catalytic activity of high entropy alloy (HEA) was established through first-principles based density functional theory (DFT) by comparing it with pristine Cu (111) surface. This is attributed to the reversal in adsorption trends for two out of the total eight intermediates - *OCH3 and *O on Cu(111) and HEA surfaces.by Subramanian Nellaiappan, Nirmal Kumar, Ritesh Kumar, Arko Parui, Kirtiman Deo Malviya, K. G. Pradeep, Abhishek K. Singh, Sudhanshu Sharma, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary and Krishanu Biswa